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Here are some networking commands that i find out. This will help freshers to quickly understand networking basics .

1. IPCONFIG
2. PING
3. NSLOOKUP
4. TRACERT
5. ARP
6. NETSTAT
7. NBTSTAT
8. ROUTE
9. WHOIS database
11. TELNET
10. Installing IPv6

1.IPCONFIG
The IPCONFIG command is used to display internet configuration of the system.
In IPCONFIG the default is to display the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for each
adapter bound to TCP/IP. It helps in detecting bad IP addresses, incorrect subnet masks,
and improper broadcast addresses.
EXAMPLE:
c:>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.6.124
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.6.254
Two common commands:
1.To display full configuration information
c:>ipconfig /all
Windows IP Configuration
Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : LABVIEW
Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . :
Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown
IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No

Ethernet Adapter Local Area Connection :
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Etherne
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-16-17-20-1D-9F
Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.6.124
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.6.254
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.250


2.To release and renew (get) an address from the DHCP server
c:>ipconfig /release

c:>ipconfig /renew

2.PING
Ping command is used to indicates whether a remote host can be reached.
It also displays information about packet loss and packet delivery time.
If the host is reachable then it send replay message Replay from that specific IP address otherwise Destination host unreachable.
EXAMPLE:
C:>ping 192.1689.1.250
Reply from 192.168.1.250: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from 192.168.1.250: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from 192.168.1.250: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from 192.168.1.250: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.250: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
Normal Use: send four packets
Usage: ping target_host
EXAMPLE:
c:>ping 192.168.1.250

Send ping packets count times
Usage: ping -n count target_host
Example:
c:>ping -n 192.168.1.250

Send ping packets with a specific buffer size (byte)
Usage: ping -l size target_host
Example:
C:> ping -l 100 192.168.5.254

3.TRACERT
TRACERT command is used to print information about each routing hop that
packets take going from your system to a remote system.
EXAMPLE:
c:>tracert
Usage: tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name
Options:
-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.